It’s a matter of time before your partner upsets you. They won’t meet your needs, they’ll be insensitive, they’ll have annoying habits, and the list goes on and on. In addition, it’s a matter of time before you upset them for the same reasons. Therefore, learning what to do with negative feelings toward your spouse is imperative. Usually, there are two options. First, you can say nothing. However, if their upsetting behavior is significant, not saying anything will make you withdraw emotionally and physically, or you’ll become passive-aggressive by making rude or sarcastic remarks. Second, you can verbally assault them with criticism. However, that approach leads to them getting defensive and counter attacking. Also, criticism won’t motivate them to change, because they are too busy defending and counter attacking. It’s obvious we need a third approach to conflict resolution in marriage, and it’s called the reunite tool. The reunite tool is designed to help you constructively make a complaint in a way that will maximize your partner hearing your concerns and feel motivated to change. Marriage expert John Gottman points out the first few minutes of a conversation often dictate the rest of the conversation, underscoring the importance of de-flooding first before using the reunite tool.
Flooded means your heart rate is elevated, and you are in fight or flight. Some of us flare up and become verbally aggressive (fight), and others of us shut down and retreat (flight). Both are counterproductive. Usually, one spouse gets into fight mode and the other gets into flight mode, which creates a vicious cycle. The more the fighting spouse pursues, the more the flighting spouse retreats. The more the flighting spouse retreats, the more the fighting spouse pursues. Having a conversation when flooded makes everything worse because couples make harsh comments that are later regretted.
Instead, couples need to take a break to de-flood before continuing the conversation. Some common symptoms to know you’re flooded include increased heart rate, tingling, flush with heat, difficulty concentrating, sweaty palms, etc. It’s important to tune into your body for your signals so you can tell when you are flooded. It’s also important to tune into your partner’s signals. If either of you get flooded, say “flooded,” then take a break to relax before continuing the conversation. The break to de-flood should be no less than twenty minutes and no longer than twenty-four hours. How long you need to de-flood will vary depending on the intensity of the topic and your flooding pattern.
Not going over twenty-four hours before continuing the conversation is important so de-flooding doesn’t turn into an excuse to avoid the topic. The break shouldn’t be under twenty minutes because it usually takes at least that long to de-flood. During the de-flood time, intentionally do whatever will lower your heart rate, such as taking a nap, being in nature, listening to music, reading a book, etc. Also, during the de-flood time, be thinking through the complainer steps in the reunite tool covered next.
Conflict Resolution in Marriage
The Reunite Tool: complainer steps
The first thing to do is a pre-step and this tells your partner what they are doing wrong without saying "you, always, or never" and it's only 8-10 words. This helps them know what the rest of the complainer steps are about. Here are some examples, "This is about my opinion being overridden with parenting. This is about my need for physical intimacy being judged and dismissed. This is about me being interrupted frequently during conversation. This is about me doing more than my share of house chores."
1. Progress.
You need to begin with how your partner has improved on the behavior you want to complain about. Consider how they have made progress in the last 6-12 months. Perhaps they've made some behavioral changes or they're more open to your feedback on the topic. If you can’t find any improvement, you may skip this step, but the reunite tool goes much better if you begin with appreciation because a spoon full of sugar helps the medicine go down. For example, I was working with a couple who had been married for ten years and were both in their late fifties. The husband had hurt his wife’s feelings because he seemed indifferent toward spending time with her. However, he had been getting better at it over the past several months, but the last week, he seemed to regress, which hurt her feelings. So, she would begin by saying, “Thank you for improving by expressing interest in spending time with me. I’ve really appreciated your effort and I have noticed it."
2. Benefit of the doubt.
The next step is giving your partner the benefit of the doubt. Most of the time our partner's hurtful behavior is more about mindlessness than malice. You may be assuming the worst in their motives and thinking they tried to hurt you purposely, which is unlikely. Therefore, you must pause and consider all the ways they may be innocent. This doesn’t mean they were completely innocent for their hurtful behavior, but it does mean they probably didn’t do it with malicious intent to hurt you. Look at their upbringing first and consider what they went through in their past that may have contributed to the development of their hurtful behavior, then ask if you're correct. "It makes sense that quality time in our relationship wouldn't be a top priority because it wasn't prioritized in your family growing up. Is that right? Anything else from your past?" Second, look at how their circumstances may have contributed to their hurtful behavior. "It makes sense with your brother being in town recently that quality time for us would have been more difficult. Is that right? Anything else from your circumstances?" It's helpful to ask if you're right and if there is anything else so your partner can speak into your comments to confirm or modify them.
3.Your part.
The first thing to consider is what you did that may have contributed to your partner's hurtful behavior. For example, perhaps it hurt your feelings that your partner avoids quality time together but it’s partially because you have a tendency to be long-winded when you're together. If that's the case, you would say "I acknowledge that I have a tendency to be long-winded and I can see how that would demotivate you to spend quality time with me. Is that right? What else do I do?" Next, think about how your partner's hurtful behavior may be violating a value or tapping into a wound from your past. For example, perhaps you have a value from your past of feeling highly prioritized. If so, that may intensify your reaction to your partner not prioritizing you. Alternatively, you may have a wound growing up of never feeling prioritized. If so, that may intensify your reaction to your partner not prioritizing you. "I'm also bringing a sensitivity to this topic because I didn't feel prioritized by my family growing up." To clarify, even though your partner's behavior may be activating something from your past, it doesn't mean they've done nothing wrong. It just means your reaction to their behavior is probably stronger because of your past.
4. Complaint.
Now that you’ve covered steps one through three, you’re ready to say your complaint. If you skip these steps and start with the complaint, you can guarantee your partner will become defensive by saying how they have gotten better, how it wasn't their fault, and how it's actually your fault. Therefore, if you begin with these three items first, it will lower their defense walls and increase their receptivity to your complaint. Now, there are a few guidelines for making the complaint. First, you’re not allowed to say “you,” because it’s accusatory, and you can’t say “always or never,” because they are generalizations. The format to follow is "There's been a pattern of ___ and it makes me feel ___ and it taps into my core need for ___. Some common core needs in marriage conflict include wanting to feel heard, supported, connected, wanted, respected, etc. So, a complaint for the woman in our steps above could be, “There's been a pattern of me not feeling prioritized, and it makes me feel sad and lonely, and it taps into my core need to feel close and prioritized."
The Reunite Tool: listener steps
1. Summarize
The first thing to do once your partner is done with their complaint is summarize what you heard them say to ensure you heard it correctly. You are only summarizing the complaint. This allows your partner to know you heard them and it gives them a chance to edit their complaint if needed. The husband in the previous example would summarize the complaint by saying “So you feel there's a pattern of me not prioritizing you, and it makes you feel sad and lonely, and it taps into your core need to feel close and prioritized. Is that right?" Next, spend time reflecting on the 50 percent rule. The 50 percent rule says you are not responsible for the entire complaint because of everything your partner already acknowledged about your past, your circumstances, their part, and their past. However, you probably also can't say you're zero percent to blame. Therefore, you're listening for the part of the complaint you know you're guilty of. Sometimes it may be 10%, other times 50%, and other times 90%. You're in control of that process and that decision. Once you've latched onto the piece you know you're guilty of without any excuses move onto number two.
2. Ownership
“I own that I have a tendency to……” So, the husband who didn’t prioritize time with his wife could say “I own that I have a tendency to not prioritize quality time together.” Watch out for the temptation to add the reasons for your behavior you’re owning. Doing so will sound defensive and water down the power of your ownership. It's extremely healing to hear your partner say what they own without any excuses. This is also your opportunity to become refined. Your partner’s complaint is probably highlighting a blind spot or growth area for you that if addressed, could make you into a better person and partner. Take advantage of it! Also, allow for a moment of silence after this step and after the next two to allow your powerful words to sink in. Similar to a rest note in piano music, allowing for a moment of silence will increase the impact of your words.
3. Empathize
Next, provide empathy on how the part you’re owning made your partner feel. The phrase to use is "I can see how my tendency to ____ would make you feel ____." Empathy is seeing the situation from your partner’s perspective. You may personally disagree with how your behavior made your partner feel, but you must consider how your partner is wired. Responding with empathy is like rubbing salve on their emotional wound. If you get defensive, it’s like throwing salt in it. So, the husband in the previous example could say “I can see how my tendency to not prioritize you would make you feel sad and lonely."
4. Apology
Now it’s time to make an apology. Making an apology is important because most people can't move on until they hear one. However, the apology is only on the part you're owning so it's sincere. The phrase to use is "I'm sorry for how my tendency to ____ makes you feel ____." So, the husband in the above example could say “I’m sorry that my tendency to not prioritize you makes you feel sad and lonely."
5. Make Amends
Now that you’ve taken ownership for your part, provided empathy, and given an apology, it’s time to make amends. Making amends is where you suggest what you could do different moving forward about the part you're owning. The best way to say sorry is changed behavior. However, it's important to only suggest ideas that would also work for you so it's sustainable. You also want to ask your partner what they would appreciate. The phrase to use is "Moving forward how about I ___. What do you think? What else would you appreciate?" So, the husband in the example above could say “Moving forward how about I stop working on Fridays around 4 pm so we can have a weekly date. What do you think? What else would you appreciate?"
Here's a chart to follow when using the reunite tool to ensure both you and your partner stay on track.
Complainer Steps:
Pre-step- Say what your partner is doing wrong without saying "you, always, or never" in 8-10 words. “This is about ____.”
1-Progress.
Compliment them on any progress they’ve made within the past 6-12 months on the behavior you want to complain about. “Thank you for improving by ____.”
2-Benefit of the doubt.
A- Comment on how their past may have influenced their difficult behavior. “It makes sense that ____. Is that right and what else from your past may have contributed?"
B- Comment on how their circumstances (excluding your marriage) may have contributed to their difficult behavior. “It makes sense that ____. Is that right and what else from your circumstances may have contributed?"
3-Your part.
A- Comment on how your behavior may have influenced their difficult behavior. “I acknowledge that I’ve ____. Is that right and how else have I contributed?"
B- Comment on how their difficult behavior may be tapping into a wound or violating a value from your past. “I’m also bringing a sensitivity to this topic because it taps into ____.”
4-Complaint.
“There’s been a pattern of ____, it makes me feel ____, and it taps into my core need for ____.” (Can’t say you, always, or never)
Listener Steps:
1-Summarize
A- Summarize their complaint “So you feel there’s been a pattern of ___ and it makes you feel ___ and it taps into your core need for ____, is that right?”
B- Apply the 50% rule by thinking about what part of the complaint you’re guilty of.
2-Ownership
“I own I have a tendency to ____.” (allow for a moment of silence so it feels more genuine)
3-Empathy
“I can see how my tendency to ____ would make you feel ____.” (allow for a moment of silence so it feels more genuine)
4-Apology
“I’m sorry for how my tendency to ____ makes you feel ____.” (allow for a moment of silence so it feels more genuine)
5-Make Amends
Think about changes you can make moving forward on the part you’re owning that would also work for you. “Moving forward, how about I ____. What do you think? What else would you appreciate?”
If you both have resentment on the same topic go through the Reunite Tool twice by switching roles.
For conflict resolution when you both were upset in an argument, use the Mini Reunite Tool here!
Further Reading:
Conflicts In Marriage: Weeds vs Needs
Emotional Intimacy in Marriage
Receive my FREE Training on How To Move Your Relationship From Surviving To Thriving. Click here to get it!
Leave your questions below on the reunite tool for better conflict resolution in marriage.
12 comments
I have a question, I noticed you said this should only be done one to two times a week, does this also apply to people that have resentment towards their partner so maybe more negative feelings because of some past events that have hurt them and haven’t been dealt with properly , I mean my partner does try to reconcile when We have conflict, usually in indirect ways by showing affection, this is his way of repairing things, but I feel like I need him to listen to me, apologize and make amends, sometimes he does apologize, but we rarely have productive conversations about our issues where I feel really understood and this makes me repeat things and it repels him. I find that recently I have been talking about issues to try to get resolution quite alot maybe everyday, and my partner dislikes talking about conflict they usually prefer avoiding it so they naturally say things like forget about it or are you still thinking about this, which usually makes me feel guilty for having those feelings and also increases my tendency to keep talking about those issues everyday, I dont do it all day long its just once a day or twice, and I try to make it quite brief without blaming and I try to implement some of the tips from the unite tool. However, even though my partner does not intend to dismiss my feelings, his response is usually defensive, he feels like I criticise him alot even though im complaining not criticising and I try to do it nicely, he does not like that I talk about our issues quite often, and feels like it makes him upset and most of the time I get the feeling that my needs or feelings are not heard and changes are not exactly made, I still haven’t spoke to him about the unite tool only briefly, so I thought maybe if I explain to him how to do the lister part he might try to to listen to me the way I need him to, I usually feel unheard when I speak about issues, and even blamed or like I am wrong, so this makes me feel unlikely to heal those issues and feelings, he has been better at listening to me and have apologized in the last few days he has been trying to be better at this, but still needs to learn how to respond in a non defensive and more understanding way to my complaints as he does have that tendency and even though I know he is trying to fix it, I usually end up feeling unvalidated, there has been alot that happened the last month or two and we had alot of conflicts that were not resolved properly, so even though I have been trying to feel better and forgive, I still have resentment or negative feelings that come and go during the day and they persist especially when I dont feel heard after talking and that my husband doesn’t like to hear me talk about those issues, I find myself going back to him and repeating myself and im trying to deal with it properly, how should I go about that?, should I only talk about our issues one to twice a week, even though I think about them daily and I still feel hurt, I tend to speak to him daily to not allow my feelings to fester, yet I dont always feel completely relieved after talking about them, but the last few times I have felt much better because he has been trying to be more understanding and he apologises sometimes, other times he explains his point of view without comforting me first. He still does some Small things that upset me almost daily, with alot of other things that are positive, but I tend to talk to him everyday as soon as he upsets me I would usually tell him by the end of the day about it, and he mostly feels annoyed by that and would rather I forget about it instead, so whats the right way to deal with this, and what about all the things that happened in the past two months, we have talked about a few, I get relieved and then my negative feelings come back, because of something he said or did or even his reaction towards my resentment or hurt feelings makes me feel like I cant safely express what I feel and need, and actually get the kind of response I need, what do I need to do to get what I need from him, I understand I need to be patient for changes to happen and that because this is his tendency it might take time, but its just that everytime I feel like talking to him about things, he usually makes me feel like I shouldnt be feeling this way and this has been like this ever since I have known him I believe, we never really had a good way of dealing with hurts, so they have festered and to me his response towards my negative feelings makes me feel like things are not really changing.
Super Toni! Yes, this conflict resolution tool is designed to reduce the chances of your partner responding with defensiveness to your complaints.
Dr. Wyatt I came across this article because I want help on how to respond to my husband correctly when his behavior hurts my feelings or makes me feel sad. This information really help me to understand why my husband would get so defensive when I would “complain” to him about something he did or didn’t do. I am eager to use this technique to express my complaints and I am expecting positive results. Thank you Dr. Wyatt.
HI Griselda, very sorry to hear of the betrayal, which creates significant resentment. What many partners do in your position is make a list of questions they want answered and request their partner to be connected to a lie detector test while being asked. If their partner doesn’t cooperate then they get a separation.
My husband is a narcissist! He always blames me for everything. How can I hold him accountable for an affair that he had ? He denies everything. How can I make him confess his affair?